Development Of Media And Communications Study - 1481 Words

In this essay I shall analyze the development of media and communications study and the themes that have helped it to improve during the last century. A persistent concept in this field is equality because theories like Marxism, Cultural Studies, Feminism, Structuralism and Post-structuralism, Subcultural Theory and Postmodernism examined this notion and gave it a meaning in that period of time. Against this background, a central question that motives this paper is: ‘How is equality developed by each ideology and how media manipulate it through the popular culture?’ By definition, equality means that all people have their own opportunity to express themselves because we conceive the world differently. But we still create ourselves in†¦show more content†¦Marxism is a political, economical and social system founded by Karl Marx (1818 - 1883) and Frederick Engels (1820 – 1895) who tried to reorganize the world through their revolutionary ideologies and theo ries. Thus its intention is to dismiss the evolution of the Bourgeoisie society, because, in the 18th century, one of the essential concepts was the notion of class struggle. As John Storey points out, ‘each significant period in history is constructed around a particular mode of production; that is, the way in which a society is organized’ (2006: 47) . This quote suggests that Marx, through the analyze of global production, asserts that people have to live and work in equal conditions, without differences between the class of wage-earners and the ruling class. Even if it is said that the Marxism is out-of-date, it still exists, nowadays, because of the media factors that sustain its manifestations. For instance, mass media promotes obscenity and presents degeneration as a normal subject. What we usually have in mind when we talk about Cultural Studies is the fact that it is like an amalgam composed by traditions, arts, values, thoughts, faith, which is transmitted from generations to generations. Theorists as Richard Hoggart, Raymond Williams, Stuart Hall and also the Centre for Contemporany Cultural Studies brought a new vision on culture. â€Å"Lived culture is culture as

Aircraft Engine Specialists Are Responsible For Repair And...

Aircraft Engine Specialists Required job knowledge: For this position, the knowledge of machines and tools, which includes design, uses, benefits, repair, and maintenance, are required. It requires the individuals with understanding of engineering and technology. The individuals should have knowledge of physics, mathematics, public safety and security, computers and electronics, design technics, transportation methods, law, government and jurisprudence, and telecommunications. They should be able to provide instructional method and training. 3. Decision-making: The individuals should have the judgement and decision making skills. It is very technical job and some decisions are made on spot. Therefore, the Aircraft Engine Specialists†¦show more content†¦They should be able to make sure that every job is performed properly. Since the nature of this job is very series and many lives depends on their accuracy of job performance, it is very important that their job is exact and highly accurate. There should not be any consequence of error because a mirror error can end up with taking many lives. Air Traffic Controllers The main tasks and responsibilities of the Air Traffic Controllers are inform pilots about nearby planes or any hazardous situation. They should be able to authorize the landing and take-off instructions. Control the arriving flights and give the control of departing flights to traffic control. In case of emergency landing, they should be able to provide flight path changes and directions, and also inform the airport emergency service. The knowledge requirements for the Air Traffic Controllers are public safety and security, transportation, customer and personal service. They should have knowledge of different methods and principles of moving goods and people by air, and other forms of transportation. They should be have active listening, speaking, and critical thinking skills. They should be able to solve the complex problems too. The Air Traffic Controllers should be able to make decision and solve problems. The information will be given to them and they should be analyze, and evaluate the results to choose the best solution and make a good decision. According to O’Net website, the decision

Who Is Lying to Us About Art History Extended Essay Topics?

Who Is Lying to Us About Art History Extended Essay Topics? Vital Pieces of Art History Extended Essay Topics Over the period of a person's educational profession, you're going to be asked for to compose tons of papers and essays on numerous subject areas, based on the teaching system. If you took history for your ib program, then you should have some interest in a specific topic. More than the period of your respective educational job, you may be asked for to compose lots of essays and papers on many of matters, based on the education routine. In excess of the period inside your tutorial job, you're likely to be asked for to compose a great deal of essays and papers on several subject areas, based on the education routine. Our experts understand how to handle US history essay topics with a bit of class. Below, you may also locate a list of interesting history topic suggestions you could utilize. This way you'll restrict your topics to the one which is most appropriate for you. If you're really stuck trying to discover a not too broad or narrow topic, I would advise attempting to brainstorm a topic that employs a comparison. Even in case you have good history essay topics and the perfect ideas in mind, but you're not focused on writing, you may wind up having a low-quality paper. It will produce the history essay writing process faster and easier, and you won't need to devote a whole lot of time doing research. Therefore, if there's any reason why you cannot have your extended essay written on time yourself, all you have to do is place your order on our site, and leave the rest to us! History essays can't center on subjects that occurred in the last ten years that's simply not history. Finding the Best Art History Extended Essay Topics Getting your newspaper released by our specialist authors is truly simple, although you chance to be running on the minimal funds. As a consequence, it can be generally suggested to attempt to do a satisfactory study ahead of selecting a particular help. To start with, you can select who of our expert group of writers you prefer to do the job for you. Over the lengt h of the tutorial job, you could be asked for to compose many papers and essays on several subject areas, based on the instruction program. The Rise of Art History Extended Essay Topics Songs is a thing which could be part of our life. It also needs to be deep enough so you could cover the needed quantity of words in your undertaking. Talking over your favorite topic with your supervisor should hopefully avoid choosing a poor topic. Audio is a thing which may be part of our life. A superb history essay topic is a lot more important than you might think. Think about the subject of the history essay you've already written before. If you would like to write a great history essay you'd better pick a topic that is familiar to you. An elongated essay is a kind of academic writing assignment, which success rides on the structure. As a result, if your argumentative history essay topics aren't handled satisfactorily, you're absolutely free to request corrections. An essay can have a lot of intentions, although the elementary construction of all type of essays will probably be very same. It could have lots of intentions, however the elementary framework of all sort of essays might be exact same. It should not be too long. The principal plan of the total essay will likely be your thesis assertion. The principal strategy of the entire essay will likely be your thesis assertion. You won't be able to crank out a 4,000-word essay in a week and receive an A. The art essay writing guide can likewise be utilised to find more on the subject of art essay writing steps. You simply need to look closer to obtain some terrific art essay ideas. There are a lot of art essay writing topics to pick from. Be that as it might, the topic for your essay is a crucial thing that has to be chosen carefully and with higher precision. The art essay topics determine the type of structure to construct on.

Operant Conditioning Theory and Behaviour Modification and Control

Question: How To Control Operant Conditioning Theory And Behaviour Modification? Answer: Introduction An individual's behavior is in most cases termed as functional because it is a function of events of the current or may have happened in the environment surrounding the individual (Weeden et al. (2011). Many researchers, therefore, have analyzed behavior in a functional way with the motive of uncovering the events in the current and past environments which may bear some influence on individuals behavior according to Liefooghe and Houwer (2016 ). Albert Bandura theory of cognitive development focuses on personality development regarding the mental processes which dictate our mode of conducting different activities as Bleidorn et al. (2014) assert. However, it fails in providing the understanding of the environmental factors influencing behavior and interventions of persons, Moore (2011) denotes that there are different mechanisms that can often be adopted with the aim of finding a solution to remedy some individual behaviors. In this study, the analysis is presented in the case study provide to an understanding the childrens behavior towards Jane, their class teacher who has difficulty in managing the class. The children are between the ages of 10-12 years and are often silent in class, do not participate in the learning process, and often come to school without completing their assignments. The study also points out the possible reasons for their behaviors. It then provides suggestions for possible interventions through concepts found in operant conditioning theory that can be adopted by the teacher to improve their behavior during classes and in general. The evaluation of the scenario presented in our case study can only be understood through considering the knowledge or scope ofs analyzed by Skinner (2011). In his study he defined this kind of behavior as a form of learning in which children behavior is influenced or controlled by the consequences. It can also be termed as a process through which a childs behavior is modified by use of both positive and negative reinforcements according to Kumar and Nazneen (2016). In this case, individuals make an association between a particular course of behavior and consequence. B.F Skinner developed the theory of behavior development in children at early stages of their growth. In his theory, the main idea was to bring an understanding that researchers need to focus on the external or observable behavioral causes rather than placing more emphasis on internal thoughts and motivations as pointed out by Wacker et al. (2017). In understanding and analyzing our case study, it is important to understand the environmental surroundings which may have affected or influenced the childrens behavior towards the teacher. Such an evaluation will help us answer the questions of why the students are silent on their teacher, why they fail to complete their assignments and their lack of participation. In a systematic review, Alstot and Alstot (2015) point out that many researchers have provided asserts that classroom set up has great influence on the behavior of children. The rules, guidelines and sitting arrangements in the classroom set up have been criticized for not supporting socialization among the pupils as it is always impersonalized (Weitzman, 2010). The classroom has some set strict rules and guidelines which only allow children to speak in the classroom only upon request by their teacher or trainer. There is likely to be a possibility that the old philosophical thought in classroom context which requires tha t children should be seen not heard (Payne, 2015) has killed the childrens desire to communicate freely. Such believe, and practice creates an attitude of certain educational techniques. In their study, Romi, Lewis, and Roache (2015) point out that before a child enrolls in school, his or her operation condition is usually oral and allows free communication. It is hence an assumption that schools or classroom dictates them to be silent. Learning is a process of living in a childs or individuals life, and its a matter of philosophical thought that knowledge comes from books. Therefore, this understanding questions the functioning of the silent condition most of the young children experience in early stages of their development in school as evidenced in our case study. The childrens lack of participation in class, the behavior of keeping quiet when asked questions, as well as their inability to complete their assignments, are evidenced in the case study. They can be due to the operant silent conditioning culture which classrooms have continued to impact on the children. In the attempt of finding an effective solution to the issues, the teacher should evaluate the class room circumstances to have a proper understanding of the silent behavioral condition in the classroom. According to Arturo (2013), such an evaluation process will help in knowing how to regulate the behavior of the children in a way that will motivate their freedom of interaction between them and their teachers as well as make them more active in their participation in classroom activities. According to the theory of moral development by Kohlberg, it is proposed that the development of moral judgment among children evolves according to an incremental sequence. It further argues that at lower stages of child development, the children are always guided by obedience to the established authority whereas at higher stages of development, the moral judgment or moral decisions of the children are dependent on conscience and ethical guidelines or principles. Therefore teacher Jane can easily influence the moral judgment of the children at that age as compared to when they will be at higher levels of learning. The process of classical conditioning involves learning of new behavior through association. It is guided by some principles which help in understanding different children responses to stimuli and the behaviors associated with the stimuli. The first principle is the acquisition principle; it involves the natural occurrence of unconditioned stimuli and eventually resulting to a response without necessarily the experience of learning. The principle of extinction also helps in understanding the behavior of children. It involves the disappearance of an occurrence usually caused by a conditioned. There is also the occurrence of spontaneous recovery which involves the reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of rest. And lastly there is stimulus generalization in which the conditioned children stimuli, produces similar responses after a response has been conditioned as well as the stimulus discrimination which differentiates between a conditioned stimuli and other stimuli. For example a child can differentiate between sounds of animals or any signs given to them. Many scholars have criticized the silent condition, not because of its inefficiency and wastefulness as a teaching and learning technique but merely because of the threats, it poses to children in their development and especially on communication capabilities as pointed out by Doolan and Bizo (2013). To avoid these consequences associated with the children behavioral responses which may be difficult to handle, it is recommended that teachers and mentors should adopt more socialized techniques in classrooms. The effect of this will promote the desire for an orderly communication among the children. With a basis of the biological evidence, Weitzman (2010) also shows that at early stages of kindergarten and adolescent stage, there is an increase in the desire for children to communicate as compared to other stages of their lives. Teachers should, therefore, be vigilant in observing the childrens behavior and seeking the possible interventions as this can lead to future problems in their personality development as pointed out by Kumar and Nazneen (2016). Strengths and weaknesses B.F Skinner theory of child development and identity formation can be very helpful in creating solutions to our case study and help the teacher enhance the pupils participation in the classroom. The theory is centered on the concepts of positive and negative reinforcements as well as positive and negative punishment. Research has provided that positive reinforcements refer to favorable events or outcomes which an individual receives after a desirable behavior as Alstot and Alstot (2015) reports. The teachers can, therefore, use this concept by either rewarding the active students or giving them special recognition in classrooms. Such events will motivate the docile pupils and improve their participation in classrooms. On the other hand, negative reinforcement removes unpleasant outcome after the desired behavior. For example, the teacher may remove the restriction of punishment if the pupils become obedient. The main goal of positive and negative reinforcements by therein forces shou ld hence to promote good behavior. The child cognitive development theory also advocates the use of punishment as a technique to influence and modify behavior among children. Punishment, in this case, refers to increasing something undesirable with an attempt to cause a decrease in the behavior that follows. Positive punishment in this case, therefore, refers to an unfavorable event that is given to an individual in order to weaken the response behavior that follows. For example, the teacher, in this case, may give more work to the pupils to be done with aim of reducing their reluctant behavior and lack of concentration. On the other hand, negative punishment occurs when an unfavorable event is removed after an undesirable behavior occurs. The main goal here will then be to reduce the behavior according to Romi, Lewis, and Roache (2013). In another perspective, B.F Skinner (2011) explains behavior as that specific functioning part of an organism which helps in promoting and enabling interactions with its surrounding environmental circumstances. And he argues that the formulation of behavior will always include both the act of an organism and the features of the surrounding environment which influence the acting of the organism. Research has also pointed out that not all instances of movements by an organism are behaviors and also provides that not all instances of behavior entail a movement. Teachers should, therefore, be careful in interpreting some behavioral instances among the pupils, there might be some other factors contributing to their classroom behavior. Some instances of behavior are as a resultant of stimulus which may have been invoked and hence present in the organism or individual (Moore, 2011). Recent research on emotional and behavioral disorders by Bleidorn, Kandler, and Caspi (2014) gives an estimate of between 3% and 6% occurrence among children. Children with emotional and behavioral disorders are characterized by aggressive behaviors, destruction of properties, talking out, avoiding social interactions and rarely participate in classroom assignments as they are keen in observing the rules of silence conditioning. The teacher should also engage other professionals such as child psychologists to help them understand the behavior if its persistent as failure may lead to such emotional and behavior disorders. The theory of child development at early stages has been criticized for having certain weaknesses in managing the behavior of children. The criticisms have that the theory seems to only deal with strict distinct behavior as to whether a behavior is good or bad. They argue that there is a likelihood of students showing traits of good behavior as well as bad behavior. They may have a good behavior in one aspect and fail the other, for example, he or she may be good in class performance and be a bully to other students. They also argue that positive reinforcements or rewards should not always be supported as there is an argument that a child is supposed to continue his or her good behavior even if the reward is removed. There is also a criticism that the theory lacks engagement and motivation to students and advocate for the need of students at the higher level to conduct group discussions as well as figure things out on their experimental ways and research as pointed out by McClurg and Morris (2014). Despite the weaknesses, B.F Skinner and Albert Bandura theories of child development have been highly commented on its usefulness and ability to control students behavior. It's applicability in; helping in teaching as well as promoting behavioral modification and cognitive development. If is always easy for children to associate good behavior with rewards as well as associating bad behavior with punishment. Children also get to understand that good behavior will always produce desirable societal results while results of bad behavior are always unwanted. It is therefore recommended for the above scenario as the teacher will be able to understand, monitor and modify the behavior of children through a system of tested and applied techniques and concepts from the operant conditioning theory (Payne, 2015). Therefore the knowledge of operant conditioning has greatly influenced the practices of education. Children are believed to exhibit behaviors under all ages; it is, therefore, the respo nsibility of their teachers and parents to act as behavior modifiers. The arrangements and classroom settings through the established principles should help teachers organize the experiences that will enable them to facilitate both academic and childrens social behavior. Conclusion The knowledge of childrens classroom behavior as seen from research is important for both teachers and parents in helping them understand, regulate and modify their childrens behavior. Teacher Jane can therefore understand the behavior of his children or pupils and develop mechanisms which will correct such behaviors. She may introduce rewards to motivate and encourage the pupils participation in class, activities outside the class such as game or group competitions, ensuring sitting arrangements are done in a way to promote social interactions. Child development and behavior modification under the theory of B.F Skinner therefore, provides a better concept of behavior modification through reward and punishment concepts as compared to Watsons theory of social learning which emphasize the idea that behavior is a resultant of habit formed by individuals. The case represented in our case study can, therefore, be addressed by taking into consideration the concepts and view of both theorie s of child development as analyzed by Albert Bandura and B.F Skinner. References Alstot, A. E., Alstot, C. D. (2015). Behavior Management: Examining the Functions of Behavior. JOPERD: The Journal Of Physical Education, Recreation Dance, 86(2), 22-28. Arturo, C. A. (2013). The Psyche as Behavior.RevistaColombiana De Psicologa, 22(2), 377-387. Bleidorn, W., Kandler, C., Caspi, A. (2014).The Behavioural Genetics of Personality Development in Adulthood-Classic, Contemporary, and Future Trends.European Journal Of Personality, 28(3), 244-255. doi:10.1002/per.1957 Doolan, K. k., Bizo, L. A. (2013). Reinforced Behavioral Variability In Humans. Psychological Record, 63(4), 725-734. Kay, SR 2015 Revised 'Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development: Critical Analysis of Validation Studies With the Defining Issues Test', International Journal Of Psychology, 17, 1-4, pp. 27-42, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. Kumar, E. S., Nazneen, S. (2016). A Literature Review of the Theories of Learning and Varieties of Learning with Emphasis on Second Language Acquisition.Language In India, 16(7), 218-236. Liefooghe, B., De Houwer, J. (2016). A functional approach for research on cognitive control: Analysing cognitive control tasks and their effects in terms of operant conditioning. International Journal Of Psychology, 51(1), 28-32. McClurg, L., Morris, R. (2014). Shaping Student Behaviors Through Reward Systems: Lessons From Beaver Trapping?.Journal Of Higher Education Theory Practice, 14(2), 89-102. Moore, J. (2011). Behaviorism. Psychological Record, 61(3), 449-465. Payne, R. (2015). Using rewards and sanctions in the classroom: pupils perceptions of their own responses to current behaviour management strategies.Educational Review, 67(4), 483-504. Romi, S. s., Lewis, R. R., Roache, J. J. (2013). Classroom management and teachers' coping strategies: Inside classrooms in Australia, China and Israel. Prospects (00331538), 43(2), 215-231. Skinner, B. F. (2011). About behaviorism.Vintage. Psychological Record, 61(3), 449-465. Wacker, D. P., Schieltz, K. M., Berg, W. K., Harding, J. W., Dalmau, Y. P., Lee, J. F. (2017). The Long-Term Effects of Functional Communication Training Conducted in Young Children's Home Settings. Education Treatment Of Children, 40(1), 43-56. Weeden, M., Wills, H. h., Kottwitz, E., Kamps, D. (2016). The Effects of a Class-wide Behavior Intervention for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders.Behavioral Disorders, 42(1), 285-293. Weitzman, R. S. (2010). The Bases for Language Repertoires: Functional Stimulus-Response Relations. Journal Of Speech-Language Pathology Applied Behavior Analysis, 5(2), 132-14

Aushwitz Diary Essays - Holocaust Literature, Night,

Aushwitz Diary July 29, 1932 I went to a campaign speech I and heard Adolf Hitler campaigning for dictatorship for Germany. He was saying that his opponents say the National Socialists are not German at all, because they refuse to work with other political parties. I think every one should work together, I hope he doesnt win. I dont care for his ideas. December 25, 1932 Momma and Aunt Mildred made the best Christmas diner ever. I got a new suit from Papa and Mama. March 8, 1933 Hitler became the Dictator of Germany. It is a sad day for Jews, some of our friends and neighbors have been leaving to other countries, they say Germany will be ruined under Hitlers rule. Papa says things will not get that bad. March 14,1933 The Nazis invaded, they set fire to most of it. It was bad enough that we must wear stars on our shirts and our businesses were taken. March 15, 1933 My familys house was destroyed and we moved in with uncle Pincus. November 11, 1933 I'd heard rumors that Jews were going to Auschwitz. But I didn't know what Auschwitz means, I have heard rumors people are being kept in prison there, how can it be that Jews can be imprisoned without committing a crime. Mama is worried and papa and uncle Pincus are talking about escaping the city. November 14, 1933 We got the dreaded notice that we had been selected for resettlement farther east. There will be no time to escape from the soldiers. The train cars they took us in were actually cattle cars. We entered the cars and sat on our baggage. There was not very much room between us and the roof of the cattle car. We could not open them from the inside. The windows were small, open rectangles. Our car had from 100 to 120 people in it so it was quite crowded. We had some water and some food . The cars were sealed At night as we traveled, the train was filled with so many people that no matter where you turned you were almost face to face with the next person. There were no bathrooms on the train, only a bucket that was passed around. At times it smelled so badly, I thought I would be sick to my stomach. We heard gun shot, but did not know why these shots were fired, Then I heard an old man with a beard say that the SS troops were on the roofs of the cattle cars shooting past the windows to discourage people from sticking their heads out. The train is moving at a fairly great speed. There was no stopping. November 16, 1933 We traveled day and night. The train is cold and the smell is awful. November 19,1933 At four o'clock three days later one morning at dawn, we looked through the cracks in the cattle car. I saw the name Auschwitz in Polish. I was paralyzed. I didn't feel anything. When daylight came, they slid the car door open. All we heard was, Raus, raus, get out of here, get out of here! I had to crawl over people who had died from the cold and from lack of food and water. When they opened the doors to the cattle car, we jumped off as quickly as we could because we were under orders. We grabbed what we could and assembled outside. SS men with the skulls on their hats and collars stood in front of us stretched out at intervals about every ten feet. The SS officer in charge stood with his German shepherd. The officer had one foot propped up on a little stool. We lined up and filed by him, everyone that got of the train had to place their valuables in wooden crates. Whatever we had, we lost. Those who didnt give up their possessions willingly or quickly were beaten. Right there the selection took place, as each person passed by him, he pointed left or right. The thumb left and right was your destiny. The people sent to the left went to a large building , I could see the people to the left were mostly elderly or young children.

ObamaCare essays

ObamaCare essays The arguments for/against ObamaCare health care are extensive. This giant law has so many parts that the average American does not even know what is really in this bill. The main supporters argue the bill is constitutional. They believe it is constitutional on three different "powers" of congress under commerce/interstate activity, the necessary and proper clause and the taxing and general welfare clause. The health care industry is a two trillion dollar per year industry. People who support the bill for being constitutional believe that this bill is part of commerce. How could two trillion dollars not be commerce? It is an interstate activity that makes a lot of money. There is also another part of government that could also make this bill constitutional and that is under necessary and proper clause. Necessary and proper clause states that Congress can make laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the forgoing powers. So supporters believe this bill for national health care is necessary and proper. It's nothing outlandish they believe. The third argument for the ObamaCare being constitution is under congresses Taxing and General Welfare Clause. Supports find this a no brainer. Congress has the right to protect the general welfare of the people. So ObamaCare is helping the general welfare of the people. After all is that not what government is put in plac e to do? The bigger question is will that make government to strong and powerful? Most people who believe ObamaCare is unconstitutional would say yes. From the disagreeing side most would say if ObamaCare is not struck down it will give the government more power and the main question raised is, "What will congress also force us to do?" If they can force us to make decisions on our own health under commerce what else can they make us do and justify it under "commerce." People believe that congress has no constitutional right to force people to enter a ...

Perform a Detailed Task Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Perform a Detailed Task Analysis - Assignment Example For example if he is going for an educational vacation he should consider a place where there is access to books, internet and any other research tools he may require. If he is going for a recreational tour he might consider factors like the weather of the place of destination, the places to be ventured into and the security of the same. He also needs to conduct an economic analysis of the places to be visited in order to select the most convenient economical destination without compromising on the vocational goals (Kirwan, 1992) After identifying the place to visit based on the vocational goals, Sam should put down all the requirements in a hierarchical manner in order to make his trip a success. The most vital points to emphasize on include money allocation/distribution, gathering important personal effects, arranging for the day and time of departure, consulting with the travel agency and making other personal arrangements such as notifying colleagues and family members about the trip and any other party concerned. In order to avail for proper distribution of money, Sam must consider the amount of money he is going to spend on the trip and distribute it accordingly based on the travel budget. This will involve considerations on which means of transport to use and the cost on the same, where to stay and the funding for the various activities included in the vocation needs. This includes entertainment costs, agency costs among others (Shepherd, 2001). After deciding on how much to spend on each item, Sam should gather all the items listed in his travel schedule. This will include items such as a suitcase, clothing and other items related to his personal wellbeing. He should also gather all items necessary to meet his vocational goals such as books if he is going for an educational vocation. In order to be on schedule, Sam must identify the date for the trip and make the necessary arrangements with the parties involved. This will

Marketing Concentration within Extended Academic Programs (EAP) PowerPoint Presentation

Marketing Concentration within Extended Academic Programs (EAP) - PowerPoint Presentation Example This university offers a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA) program through its EAP program. This BSBA has seven courses: accounting, banking and finance, General Business, marketing, information systems, international business, and management. The major marketing concentration this institution offers is the ‘General’ specialization. The other four concentrations are; Data mining and social marketing, healthcare marketing, call center/CRM and tourism/Sport. Due to the dynamic nature of today’s marketing environment, most universities and students are searching for courses and specializations that will assure them of immediate placements in the job market. Most of the concentrations in the Marketing specializations were designed to meet the dynamic and ever changing needs of the economy. Specializations like healthcare marketing; a rare and unique combination, was seen necessary to meet the needs of the dynamic healthcare environment due to the n umerous reforms that have been seen. Due to these facts, this paper provides a feasibility study that assesses UIW EAP’s ability and viability to offer healthcare marketing specialization within its BSBA Program. ... This paper provides a feasibility study assessing UIW EAP’s ability and viability to offer healthcare marketing specialization within its BSBA Program. Healthcare Marketing Healthcare marketing has provided an avenue through which advancements in health-protecting services like insurance and medicine can be widely known (Fortenberry, 2010). The current shift of provision of healthcare information from provider-dominated to patient-directed makes healthcare marketing a necessity in today’s world. According to Fortenberry (2011), success strategies in healthcare have their roots in result-based healthcare marketing (p. 87). Healthcare marketing provides an effective avenue through which healthcare entities can promote themselves through utilizing a variety of methods to entice their customers to purchase and consume their health products. In this information frenzy age, majority of people can self-diagnose themselves, a strategy which helps to reduce the strain on healthc are institutions (Vitberg, 2006). In this respect healthcare marketing is a necessity in this present age. Concerning UIW EAP’s ability and viability of offering healthcare marketing on top of its current general marketing concentration, the following aspects were realized. These facts were obtained from; interviews conducted where the students and lectures were involved, job searches, empirical research and through analysis of data within the city of San Antonio. Realization of Market Issues a. Likelihood of Finding a Job Of the specializations in marketing that is; data mining and social marketing, healthcare marketing, call center/CRM, general and tourism/Sport; healthcare marketing and tourism/sport marketing majors, offers high chances for undergraduates to find jobs in

Planet of the Apes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Planet of the Apes - Essay Example The film appeared five years later. The 60’s... On the one hand they were the years of recognition of the many immutable truths concerning freedom, conscience and human personality; that was the time of various anti-war movements, time when national, sexual and racial minorities started the fight for their freedom and rights; time of The Beatles, hippies; time when everywhere - in politics, economy, culture – everyone has felt the fresh breeze of changes. On the other hand, the Cold War, tense situation in Vietnam and Cuba, fingers of the leaders of the great powers on nuclear buttons... Time of the first steps in space exploration, when adults dreamed of the immense cosmos and all the kids wanted to become astronauts. The smile of Gagarin and the American flag in Neil Armstrong’s hands became the subject of peoples’ love and the apparent evidence of human omnipotence. This film is the essence of the 60’s: angry sarcasm and post-apocalyptic fiction; fight with restrictions, limitations, complexes and old authorities; space theme and prophecy of an imminent catastrophe, which will destroy human civilization. 1968 has forever changed the history of cinema. It was the year of 2001: A Space Odyssey by Stanley Kubrick, War and Peace by Sergei Bondarchuk, Once Upon a Time in the West by Sergio Leone, Night of the Living Dead, George Romero, Rosemary’s Baby by Roman Polanski, Teorema Pier Paolo Pasolini and many others. The brilliant sci-fi picture of Franklin Schaffner came out the same year. The film, like all the above mentioned, influenced both the development of cinema in general and science fiction in particular. Now, more than 40 years after release, the film is becoming more and more prophetic. It up-ended the concept of the future progress of mankind. Schaffner’s film is not a total adaptation of the cult novel, but without a doubt, includes the main essence and meaning of socio-political satire of the author. It showed that human beings can’t overcome their animal instincts, their folly, â€Å"human nature† that pushes them to extermination of their own kind in brutal wars. We do not follow the path of evolution. A new-fashioned computer, cell phone, stylish outfit and even a red Ferrari will not make a human being a man, as makeup and Wu shoes will not make a human being a woman. Computers, inventions, machines are not civilization. They are the products of civilization. Civilization is a development of daily living that comes from the human brain, mind, heart and soul. The film shows that man in his development stuck in the Middle Ages. Not even in the times of ancient Greeks, who surpassed modern humans in spiritual development, but namely in the middle, dark ages. The Renaissance, it seems, was only a flash of light, when a man became aware that he was living wrong, but did not manage to keep on the right road and hit a loop road that leads to permanent self-destruction . The storyline is built around astronauts who get to an uncharted planet after an emergency landing of their spaceship. Initially, it seemed to them lifeless, but it was only at first glance. Soon, they find themselves in a strange, surreal world in which human beings, like slaves or wild animals, sit in cages of intelligent, talking apes. This makes one of them, Taylor, start a search for truth and answer many questions about the planet they landed. The film, masked as a science fiction one, in

Video games

Video games As the end of the 19th decade approached, video games were introduced. They were an expected hit. The video games industry is now a multi-billion dollar industry. They established and maintained a high rank in childhood leisure activities due to their abilityto attract children infront of a screen for very high number of hours. The idea of video games was flabbergasting since it developed certain positive characteristics which enhanced youngsters and developed them. However, Children addiction to video games increased overtime which concerned adults. They were worried that violent video games develop the sense of violence in their children. Doctors began their research which linked video games to increase in childrens violence. At first, the research was open to doubt but further research linked violence video games with development of violent characters. Recent research suggests that playing video games may affect some childrens physical functioning. Effects range from causing heart rate to blood pressure changes. However, serious physical effects are limited to a small number of players. Indeed, video games are a double edged sword which has its advantages and disadvantages. Recent studies showed that games are valuable considering health care. They were proven to be mentally and physically helpful to children as well as adults. Mental health professionals stress on the idea that some children may develop certain positive characteristics when playing video games. These characteristics are said to be very hard and long lasting to attain elsewhere. Some adults prefer their children to play video games since they feature some benefits instead of sitting without any form of interaction in front of the television. These benefits include the development of creativity. Better vision is some of the reported benefits to doctors who perform vision tests. Logical thinking and skills concerning problem solving will increase since children are always engaged with such issues in video games. Phsygological researchers report that youngsters playing video games show higher self confidence than children who dont/ this self confidence is achieved from they get when they succeed in the game. Furthermore, video games are linked with treating specific diseases. Research studies show that video games are somehow enhanced to treat people suffering from certain phobias. Treatment of fear of the dark and fear of heights has been reported to be the most effective. Doctors expose their patients to their fears through a controlled computerized game to treat them. Moreover, some video games help children develop their learning skills. These games are rather attractive due to their setting. They feature reading and writing tasks to help improve the Childs academic level. The biggest advantage of video games is its ability to entertain a child. When a child is not feeling good or is stressed video games will undoubtedly improve his phsycological state and drive him out of boredom. Children can socialize due to the fact that video games can be played in pairs. It is a great opportunity for kids to make friend by actually playing the game together of discussing t he game plot. Although video games show positive effects on children, video games have various disadvantages. Recent studies link children playing violent video games and behaving rather aggressively. According to NCTV research, 9 of every 12 studies considering violent games feature the idea that children are getting harmed by them. The scene of getting attached to violent video games stresses children and affects their brains. DR. Mathews a doctor in the Indiana University of School and Medicine reports that video games show an increase in emotional arousal and a decrease in the activities of areas which involve self controls, inhibition and attention. Dr. Mathews and his colleagues prove this fact through a simple test. They got 44 players and randomly assigned them to play a game. There were two games. The first one is the adrenaline pumping Need For Speed, the second is the violence included point of view shooter game Medal Of Honor. The players played the game for the 30 minutes. They were then immediately assigned to take MRIs of their brains. Negative effects were seen in youngsters playing the violent Medal Of Honor. The same effects were not seen in players who played Need For Speed. Video games have not been directly linked with mental illness. However, excess violent acts might cause this mental illness. Video games disadvantages are very similar to that of television since children are exposed to the same type of violence. However, researchers say that video games are supposedly more crucial since children are actually involved in violence performed in video games rather than just sitting inactively watching it on television. As technology develops, violence will develop as well since violence is much better portrayed now than 20 years ago through video games due to technology .In some games when a player is bombed, blood and bones are scattered illustrating his death and the effect of being bombed in real life. Children spending many numbers of hours playing v ideo games without getting in contact with no one else suffer from being shy and rather introvert as they see no one but the screen theyre playing on. Certified studies prove that as children encounter these violent acts on television or on video games, they are more likely to perform these acts. In conclusion, recommendations concerning video games must be conservative. According to researcher Jeanne Funk, a ban on video games is probably not in the childs best interests. Limiting playing time of video games and monitoring game selection according to developmental level and game content may be as vital as similar parental management of television privileges. Doctors and parents should also seek out inventive ways to increase the acceptance, popularity, and availability of games that are relatively sociable, educational, and fun. Every aspect has its pros and cons so is the law of nature. What we can do is try to uphold a balance and get the finest of what it has to offer, be it nature or technology

Essay --

In Limbo reside the unbaptized and the virtuous pagans, who, though not sinful, did not accept Christ. Limbo shares many characteristics with the Asphodel Meadows; thus the guiltless damned are punished by living in a deficient form of Heaven. Without baptism ("the portal of the faith that you embrace")[6] they lacked the hope for something greater than rational minds can conceive. Limbo includes green fields and a castle with seven gates to represent the seven virtues. The castle is the dwelling place of the wisest men of antiquity, including Virgil himself, as well as the Persian polymath Avicenna. In the castle Dante meets the poets Homer, Horace, Ovid, and Lucan; the Amazon queen Penthesilea; the mathematician Euclid; the scientist Pedanius Dioscorides; the statesman Cicero; the first doctor Hippocrates; the philosophers Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and Averroes; the historical figures Lucretia, Lucius Junius Brutus, and Julius Caesar in his role as Roman general ("in his armor, f alcon-eyed");[7] mythological characters Hector, Electra, Camilla, Latinus, and Orpheus; and many othe...

Best Practices of Mergers and Acquisitions

Running head: BEST PRACTICES OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS Mergers and Acquisitions: Best Practices for Success Abstract Mergers and acquisitions have become a growing trend for companies to inorganically grow a business within its particular industry. There are many goals that companies may be looking to achieve by doing this, but the main reason is to guarantee long-term and profitable growth for their business. Companies have to keep up with a rapidly increasing global market and increased competition. With the struggle for competitive advantage becoming stronger and stronger, it is almost essential to achieve these mergers. Through research I will attempt to dissect the best practices for achieving merger success. Mergers and Acquisitions: Best Practices for Success When companies are acquired or merged, people almost immediately start to focus on the differences in the companies. They also begin to pay attention to who are the winners and who are the losers. It is typical in an acquisition for the acquiring company to see itself as the winner, and the acquired company as the loser. The controlling company wants to impose changes and view those in the acquired company as highly resistant to change. It is clear that most mergers and acquisitions are primarily based on strategic, financial, or other objectives. However, ignoring a potential mismatch of people and cultures can lead to strategic and financial failure. In most mergers, serious consideration should be given to cultural and leadership style differences. The success of a merger or acquisition can be defined as the creation of synergy. But every merger and acquisition is a unique event, occurring in a unique environment that is subject to various influences. Analyzing a merger should begin by understanding the culture and core values of the business that is being acquired. Ashkenas, DeMonaco, and Francis (1998) observed that â€Å". . . it is increasingly important that executives learn how to manage the integration of acquisitions as a replicable process and not as a one time only event† (p. 166). DiGeorgio (2002) has researched this topic extensively through the mergers and acquisitions of Cisco and GE Capital. Cisco approaches mergers by â€Å". . . (a) doing [its] homework to select the right companies and (b) applying an effective reliable integration process once the deal is struck†(DiGeorgio, 2002, p. 138). Cisco has in the past turned down deals with companies which did not fit within its strategy. Cisco looks at deals from the following perspective (DiGeorgio, 2002): 1. Are our visions basically the same? 2. Can we produce quick wins for shareholders? 3. Can we produce long-term wins for all four constituencies – shareholders, customers, employees, and partners? 4. Is the chemistry right? 5. For large M&A, is there geographic proximity? (p. 138) GE Capital, on the other hand takes a more process-based approach to handling mergers. Since GE has performed plenty of mergers and it learns and grows from each one. The crux of its process is â€Å"[g]etting the right integration leader [which] constitutes 95 per cent of the success of an integration† (DiGeorgio, 2003, p. 139). This study highlights the importance of being proactive in pre-merger planning and offers advice to help ensure that the merger process will be a success. Within this paper, I plan to discuss the best practices companies can use to ensure a successful merger. These practices include timely merger planning, choosing the right leadership, focusing on corporate culture, communicating effectively, and engaging the staff, human resources, and middle management. Timely Merger Planning There is a lot of time and effort spent on finding good merger candidates and courting them only to fall through on the follow-up integration activities. As soon as serious discussions begin with a potential merger candidate, the integration planning efforts should begin. It is essential that acquisitions be assimilated into the parent as quickly and as smoothly as possible to minimize any losses in productivity and maximize opportunities between the two organizations. â€Å"There is good agreement that the first 100 days after a merger change set the tone, signal the troops about the real direction of the organization and its vitality†(DiGeorgio, 2003,p. 266) A slow integration process can actually worsen problems. Merger integration should not be treated as an after-thought. It is something that needs to be addressed uring the merger search and negotiations phase while there is time to minimize any negative impacts. Choosing the Right Leadership Choosing the right leadership, not only for the merger integrations, but also for the new combined company is important in terms of vision, mission, culture, and expectations. A leader should focus on the larger design of the new corporation. A leader has to resist the temptation to take the easy way out. It is not pleasant to deliver bad news or to be a naysayer, but it is necessary at times. It is also important for a leader to promote and ensure good morale. This starts with treating people with respect and listening to their opinions, rather than telling them what to do. â€Å"Leaders set the tone for the culture and for how relationships are going to unfold in the combined organization† (DiGeorgio, 2003, p. 260). Effective working relationships and increased trust developed among the senior executives will carry throughout the organization as a model of how the newly integrated organization will work. Senior executives need to establish the cultural rules of engagement in the new entity quickly and effectively. Company leaders should strive to provide as much transparency as possible to decision making and address employee concerns such as changes to roles and responsibilities, compensation and employee benefits as promptly and practical as can be performed. â€Å"Integration management is a full-time job and needs to be recognized as a distinct business function. . . † (Ashkenas et al. , 1998, p. 169). The role of the transition merger leader cannot be taken lightly. This person must make critical personnel, process, and structural decisions quickly. This role requires the mental tenacity to endure long meetings, tough questions, and low morale. The G. E. Pathfinder model as presented by Stopper (1999) suggests that it find an integration leader to direct these merger activities and get the necessary results done to have a successful integration. Stopper (1999) also suggests a few other skills and qualifications necessary to look for in this person which include experience in project planning and management, communication planning and implementation, expertise specific to acquisitions, and corporate culture familiarity. Research by Ashkenas (1998), on the other hand, believes a merger leader should have ability to facilitate integration activities, to help the acquired business understand processes of the new company, and to help his or her company understand the business that is being acquired. Leadership also needs to be held accountable for the success of the merger (DiGeorgio, 2002). The leader should have a sense of purpose and responsibility not only for his or her job but also for the company as well as the employees who work there. When leaders don’t exhibit this accountability, they can take a nonchalant attitude which can hinder any progress which has been made. Ensuring the appropriate leadership is in place from the start will present a successful blueprint for the outcome of the merger or acquisition. Focusing on Corporate Culture When companies merge there can be a clash of cultures, conflicting beliefs, and different norms. Organizational culture is important because it has been shown to have a significant impact on organizational performance. Cultures that support the missions, goals, and strategies of an organization provide a means for dealing with change and conflicts when they arise. â€Å"Cultural integration is ignored in the majority of business combinations† (Pekala, 2001, p. 32). Research has shown that because of cultural aspects, mergers often encounter difficulties in achieving the goals of the merger. While due diligence is performed on all of the financial aspects of a merger, one major reason that so many mergers fail is a lack of â€Å"cultural fit† (DiGeorgio, 2003, p. 259). Understanding how things are seen in the other cultures, learning mutual respect, and being open to exploring different points of view are the keys to the people factor in any merger or acquisition. â€Å"A sound M&A integration strategic plan is as cultural as it is structural and entails both the welding of hard assets and a delicate/neurosurgery of minds† (Brahy, 2006, p. 54). Corporate culture tends to be viewed as a company having casual Fridays or working alternate work schedules. However, it runs deeper than the external characteristics. Pekala (2001) suggests that â€Å"merger partners need to zero in on the basic ways that decisions get made in their companies and how different approaches can be combined in harmony† (p. 32). The organization’s culture is simply how things are done in the organization. It could be as simple as putting the customer first or driving for excellence in safety. The challenges encountered when merging two different cultures are that either one or the other (or both) needs to change. The issue, then, becomes not just culture awareness, but culture â€Å"change management† (LaMarsh, 2006, p. 9) during the integration period. Building a new culture that combines the best of both previous cultures makes the new organization better, stronger, and more competitive than either of the organizations can be on its own. One way to build a new culture is by having representatives from both companies or organizations list the principles that currently guide its behavior and attitu des. Once this has been captured, both groups can then combine their efforts into a discussion of what type of cultural behavior is necessary to ensure that the best of both worlds is fairly represented. Brahy (2006) even suggest the acquiring company learn another language to help the merging companies feel more at ease and are accepting of their individual culture and traditions. Top management, however, must support this new combined culture. Management cannot force people to work together to build a new culture. As DiGeorgio (2003) notes â€Å"leaders set the tone for the culture and for how relationships are going to unfold in the combined organization† (p. 260). Control over the new corporate culture is critical to the success of a merger. Achieving cultural synergy is possible, but it takes work and effort especially on the side of leadership. Communicating Effectively Communication plays a very critical role at the time of a merger. Communicating with the employees is very important as they should not feel that they have been kept in the dark. It should be remembered that they are the most important assets of an organization and also major stakeholders. Most people understand that mergers and acquisitions take place for business reasons. But it is important to communicate the specific reasons and benefits of the merger. People may not like it, but if they see that it has a legitimate purpose, and the benefits are clear, then there is less resentment and employees are more likely to accept it. Mergers and acquisitions breed uncertainty, ambiguity, and fear among employees. Rumors often begin in organizations before the announcement of any impending merger is formally announced. â€Å". . . Trying to hide bad news such as layoffs by not revealing further details . . can damage morale and lead to turnover† (Messmer, 2006, p. 15). A good communication plan can help avoid complications by ensuring that employees understand the reasons for the deal, the objectives the organization is trying to achieve, and the potential benefits for everyone involved. In mergers and acquisitions, employees typically want answers to the following basic questions: †¢Will I have a job in the new organization? †¢Will my pay, b enefits and work locations change? †¢Will this merger be good for my career? These and other questions must be addressed soon after an announcement is made since productivity can suffer the longer employees have uncertainty. Straightforward, concise, and timely communication assists in building employee commitment and focuses employees on the day-to-day operations of the organization. â€Å". . . Communication minimizes the negative reactions of the acquired employees† (Brahma, 2007, p. 8). The faster employees feel connected to the new organization, the faster they will begin working toward the business objectives and understand what is expected of them. Research shows that organizations using effective communication strategies achieve the best results in productivity and shareholder returns. A good communication strategy is critical to a successful merger or acquisition. A successful plan cannot be reactive but proactive and it has to be included as part of the original merger plans. Nikandrou, Papaleaxandris, and Bourantas (2000) assert that â€Å"frequent communication does not imply that management should communicate every little detail of the process . . . t rather means that management communicates its concerns about employees . . . † (p. 336). An effective communication plan must take into account many elements such as the unique needs of various stakeholders, such as managers, employees, investors, customers, suppliers, and surrounding communities, need to be identified and addressed. Successful mergers only happen when upper managers make themselves visible and accessible to all employees affected by the merger. All e mployees need to experience the buy-in and support of their leaders for the merger or acquisition. Leaders need to be prepared to communicate the answers they do have and be open to stating what answers they do not have yet (Terranova, 2006). For leaders and managers to maintain credibility and trust with employees, they must be open and honest in dealing with these problems rather than choosing not to communicate at all. Engaging Staff and Middle Management People issues are often the most sensitive but also overlooked aspects of mergers and acquisitions. Organizations fail to realize that people have the capability to make or break the deal. It is important for organizations to address the viability of the integration on the human resources front. There are key resources within the organization that can help in handling people issues namely the employees, human resources, and middle management. Frequently there are a lot of people who get overlooked in the acquisition process; specifically lower-level employees who may be able to offer valuable input. They are the people who produce the profits, represent the company, and, ultimately, are the ones that will make the combined company succeed. Proactively engaging the employees can cultivate change agents for the acquisition making the entire process more desirable for all parties involved. â€Å"Managing change is a systematic process that requires moving through a series of action steps to predict and address the risk caused by potential resistance† (LaMarsh, 2006, p. 59). The best way for leadership to actively involve employees is to engage in active feedback sessions. This could involve setting up meetings with key people from various groups in the organizations and soliciting feedback from them (Messmer, 2006). Another suggestion could be to set up a website answer board where employees can ask the integration team or top management questions anonymously and view answers to other questions that have been proposed. Retaining and motivating employees is a major challenge for the human resource department of organizations. Actively engaging human resources early in the process can ensure merger success. Human resource leaders can play a key role in helping senior management identify, involve, and assess the key executives and other critical talent who will be vital for the success of the new business. Human resources can help facilitate employee question and answer meetings and are the most knowledgeable about current policies and procedures. Human resource skills are essential for the facilitation and negotiation processes regarding combining pay and benefits. Human Resource skills are also needed for supporting, counseling, and coaching line managers, who have to supervise their functions during very difficult times. Middle management also plays an important role in ensuring the success of a merger or acquisition. Communications with the middle managers will help to not only alm their fears and concerns but also help them understand what is in store for them. If middle managers are not kept in the information loop, it can lead to false information getting out that could damage morale as well as increase turnover. They need to fully understand the benefits not only to the organization but also to them as individuals. Once concerns have been dealt with, middle managers should be h eld accountable for implementation of the change. Without this accountability, they ultimately will not have a desire to change their behavior. Middle managers should become a positive part of the change process and they should not feel as if it is another program or process that is being forced upon them. Middle managers are the leaders that lower-level employees will look to for timely, accurate information. If approval of the merger is given at this level, then those under them will more than likely not give their approval either. Conclusion Several important lessons have been learned from the merger research conducted throughout this paper. When a merging with another company, managers should be focused on uniting the two companies as quickly as possible. Management should also be aware of the importance of starting the integration planning as soon as a definitive merger candidate is determined. Another important aspect of the merger process is a commitment to change on the part of leadership. Management needs to assign appropriate leadership resources to complete the transition successfully. Communication is also very critical even when there is nothing new to say. It is impossible to over-communicate throughout the merger process. Employees have an almost insatiable desire for information, and misinterpretation of silence and rumors are very common. Mergers are seen as a way to solve problems but it also creates a new set of problems as well as opportunities. Success in mergers and acquisitions rests not only on good strategic and financial planning, but also in the analysis of people issues. Making mergers work successfully is a complicated process which involves not only combining two organizations together but also integrating the people of two organizations with different cultures, attitudes, and mindsets. To ensure success in mergers and acquisitions there needs to be timely merger planning, the right leadership, cultural integration, effective communication, and the involvement of staff and middle management. References Ashkenas, R. , DeMonaco, L. , & Francis, S. (1998). Making the Deal Real: How GE Capital Integrates Acquisitions. Harvard Business Review, 76(1), 165-178. Badrtalei, J. , & Bates, D. (2007). Effect of Organizational Cultures on Mergers and Acquisitions: The Case of Daimler Chrysler. International Journal of Management, 24(2), 303-317. Brahma, S. , & Srivastava, K. (2007). Communication, Executive Retention, and Employee Stress as Predictors of Acquisition Performance: An Empirical Evidence. ICFAI Journal of Mergers & Acquisitions, 4(4), 7-26. Brahy, S. (2006). Six solution pillars for successful cultural integration of international M&As. Journal of Organizational Excellence, 25(4), 53-63. DiGeorgio, R. (2002). Making mergers and acquisitions work: What we know and don't know — Part I. Journal of Change Management, 3(2), 134. DiGeorgio, R. (2003). Making mergers and acquisitions ork: What we know and don't know–Part II. Journal of Change Management, 3(3), 259. LaMarsh, J. (2006). What mergers miss. Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance (Wiley), 17(2), 59-62. Messmer, M. (2006). Leadership Strategies During Mergers and Acquisitions. Strategic Finance, 87(7), 15-16. Pekala, N. (2001). Merger They Wrote: Avoiding a Corporate Culture Collision. Journal of Property Management, 66(3), 32. Stopper, W. ( 1999, July). Mergers and Acquisitions: Fulfilling the Promise. Human Resource Planning, 22(3), 6-7.

Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House Essays

Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House Essays Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House Essay Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House Essay A play serves as the authors tool for critiquing society. It is rare that a person encounters the ability to rise above accepted social beliefs. Some plays help to reflect controversial issues that the audience can relate to because they interact in the same situations every day.  Henrik Ibsen was a Norwegian writer who was known for his critical view upon society. A Dolls House was written in the late 19th Century, this era and its traits are echoed in his play in many ways. Ibsen provides unique analysis and reflection on issues his culture never thought as wrong. In the play he tackles womens rights as a matter of importance being neglected, acknowledging the fact that in 19th Century European life the role of the women to stay home, raise the children, and attend to her husband was unfair. Ibsen shows us this in A Dolls House constantly when Nora is being dominated and controlled by Helmer. Nora is called a number of names by Helmer throughout the play. These include little songbird, squirrel, lark, little featherhead, little skylark, little person, and little woman. Helmer seems to be particularly consistent about using the modifier little before the names he calls Nora. These are all usually followed by the possessive my, signalling Helmers belief that Nora belongs only to him. Analysing this type of language you could say that not only is it slightly insulting, the references to small animals, physically refer to Nora as something weak and helpless making her inferior to him. Ibsen has again shown us this accepted part of society on page 25 when Helmer directly says Oh Nora, Nora, how like a woman! Ibsen shows us the insolence and discourtesy women were expected to accept because despite these comments Nora, throughout the play, does not question or even comment until the play is coming to a close. At this point Nora decides to challenge her husband and the idea that he controls her thoughts and actions. This kind of rebellion was extremely rare and unusual at this time, But it is unheard of for so young a woman to behave like this! . Ibsen, you could say, was slightly ahead of his time with his opinions on women because later in the century there was the womans movement and their long and complex journey to liberation, freedom and equality. Being a playwright on a particularly social level, Ibsens work imitated and questioned recognized contemporary culture and their ethics and views. Another recognised expectation of society during the 19th Century was the need to hold out an appearance that you are the ideal family, living in others eyes as kind, wealthy and happy. This is shown in the play through the Helmers family life and their need to hold themselves to others expectations. One of the first things, although minor, to happen in the play is Nora giving the Porter a pound after he asks for a shilling, our first impressions are of her generosity, but we soon after discover that Nora knows she cannot afford this with her threatening financial situation. Therefore to a certain extent this was not an act of kind-heartedness but more of the realisation of the probable neglect from society if they did not portray themselves as the ideal family to others. Ibsen shows us a second example of social acceptance with Krogstad and his fear of unemployment. Krogstad is obviously desperate not to experience this, most likely due to the fact that he would be exiled from society and thought of as unsuccessful if he could not acquire work. Ibsen was able to write about this situation extremely accurately because in 1836 his father, who had been prosperous until that  time, went bankrupt, in that culture and at that time it proved as a disgrace profound enough to affect him and his children for the rest of their lives. Ibsen had a slightly alternative style of writing, compared to other play writes at the time, trying to be as realistic and precise as possible. After the 1848 revolution, a new modern perspective was starting to appear in the literary and dramatic world, challenging the romantic tradition. Ibsen was mastering and popularising the realist drama derived from this new perspective, A Dolls House could easily have been just another modern play with another comfortable moral lesson. However, when Nora tells Helmer that they must sit down and discuss all this that has been happening between us, the play diverges from the traditional form. Ibsen raises issues which have not previously been considered, but not in a point blank way, instead he manages to make A Dolls House interesting and thought provoking. Ibsens major target audience was the middle class, as he was brought up in similar circumstances he was able to portray the thoughts and feelings of middle class life accurately. Ibsen chose to use colloquial language to emphasize this style of realism and to help relate to his audience. Despite this Ibsen also managed to tactfully reveal that the middle class did in fact have some flaws, his realist drama disregarded a number of things, for example the tradition of the older male moral figure.

Tips for Submitting to Literary Magazines

Tips for Submitting to Literary Magazines As editor of the Maine Review, Im often asked what I look for in submissions. As a writer who has submitted to literary magazines, I know the process is fraught with anxiety, hope, and an occasional bit of dread. Its sad that theres no easier way for editors to discover excellent writing than through an impersonal submission process, and I hope that Let me say first that there would be no Maine Review, or New York Times, or Amazon.com without writers. Though writers often feel theyre at the bottom of the totem pole, the fact is that writing is actually the cornerstone of the entire industry. Be proud that youre a writer. As an editor, its a thrill for me to read a piece of writing that grabs me in the first paragraph, carries me along, and moves me in some waywhether to tears, laughter, or amazement that someone could so clearly express powerful feelings, ideas, and metaphors that I can deeply relate to as a fellow human being. Writing is powerful.   The process of writing can be powerful, healing, enraging, ennobling its one of the purest forms of self-expression because it comes straight from inspiration. What many writers ignore (or dont realize) is that theres a second part to the process, and that is craft. There are many excellent books on craft: Stephen Kings On Writing and Anne Lamotts Bird Over the years, Ive edited books in every genre, and Im amazed that some writers will write a novel without reading over it to tighten, focus, delete, and expand to make the book as compelling as possible.   Rewriting isnt always as fun as penning the first draft, but its what truly makes the story. That said, here are a few tips to keep in mind when submitting: 1. Find out what kind of work the lit mag publishes, and choose your submissions accordingly. You can often get a copy through your interlibrary loan system, or find previously published issues on the website. 2. Go deep. Readers love to experience what theyre reading, to relate to it on a visceral or emotional level. Gutsy writing is always appreciated. 3. Reading a piece through without noticing an error is a real joy for editors. I always suggest that writers have their work edited before submitting it anywhere. At least run the work through the spell checker, and fix what comes up. One or two typos doesnt mean the end of the world, but a piece that has numerous typos feels carelessly done, no matter how good the writing. 4. Follow instructions. Its amazing how many people, in every walk of life, fail to follow instructions. At the Review, we usually ask for a cover page along with a submission, so that we can easily keep track of a writers contact info. When were running a contest (deadline for the current contest is February 10th), we need a separate cover sheet to tag entries for the blind judging process. When we receive a submission that doesnt follow instructions, theres a tendency to assume that the writing might not be that good either even if thats often not true. Above all, enjoy the process of writing! Remember that editors love discovering the next great writer and it could be you. Good luck!

Mastectomy for Ductal Carcinoma insitu, impact on patient Essay

Mastectomy for Ductal Carcinoma insitu, impact on patient - Essay Example In fact, DCIS accounts for approximately 20% of all new breast cancer and precancerous condition diagnoses (Clause Stowe & Carter 2001). With or without treatment, DCIS patients have a very high survival rate; and, for most women diagnosed with DCIS, it is not considered to be a life-threatening condition. Mastectomy is the preferred, and most effective, treatment option for DCIS patients (Katz et al. 2010). However, there is currently very little research regarding how patients are actually affected by choosing mastectomy to treat DCIS; and, since the number of new DCIS diagnoses is continuing to increase, much more research is needed. DCIS, also called intraductal carcinoma, is a condition whereby the cancer cells develop in the milk ducts of the breast and have not moved out of the duct into any of the surrounding tissue (National Institute of Health 2009). As mentioned above, there is disagreement as to whether or not DCIS should be called cancer; and, some experts often refer to it as "stage zero breast cancer" ( Harris & Morrow 2009). Even though DCIS itself is not considered to be harmful, it is a known risk factor for invasive breast cancer (Zuckerman 2009). While most DCIS patients do not develop invasive breast cancer, approximately two percent (2%) of DCIS cases show evidence of metastases and an even smaller percentage of cases do actually develop into invasive breast cancer (Cornfield et al. 2004). Certain biomarkers may help to identify whether DCIS patients are at high or low risk of developing invasive breast cancer; however, more research is necessary to make more accurate risk predictions (Welch et al. 2008). Currently, however, there is no way to determine or predict which DCIS cases will in fact develop into invasive breast cancer. This paper will try to determine the available information on the rationale for selecting this modality; explore literature regarding the physiological/biological basis of the treatment or how the treatment manage s the disease, critic the impact this treatment had on the individual and the nurses’ role in addressing this, and consider how the patients’ experience could have been improved. Discussion Overview: Even without treatment, most women diagnosed with DCIS do not go on to develop invasive breast cancer. DCIS patients that do opt for treatment have surgical options, the most common being lumpectomy (with or without radiation therapy) and mastectomy. Lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy and mastectomy have the same high survival rate of 96% and above; however, mastectomy does have a slightly lower recurrence rate than lumpectomy with radiation which has a lower recurrence rate than lumpectomy alone (Holmberg et al. 2008; Hughes et al. 2009). Other factors have been found to affect DCIS recurrence rates

Article Critique Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critique - Article Example These articles have provided sufficient background information for the study. Key words are necessary in every research and should be stated in the research paper. Wilson et.al (2005) addressed the use cohorts or isolation to prevent or reduce the spread of MRSA in ICU’s. Willey et.al (2008) discusses the risk factors for MRSA in roommates who are infected with MRSA in acute-care hospitals. Fernandez et.al (2002), is focused on the role of patient isolation is the control of the spread of MRSA in acute care. Gholson, Landry and Ribner (1986) talks of modified versus strict isolation in prevention of MRSA spread. b. Research objectives Gholson, Landry and Ribner (1986) examine the various infection control methods to prevent the spread of MRSA. Wilson et.al (2005) and Fernandez et.al (2002) aims at determining whether patient, staff or visitor compliance with the isolation practices have effects on the nosocomial transmission of MRSA. Willey et.al (2008) investigates the differ ent risk factors for MRSA acquisition in those patients who are exposed to MRSA colonized roommate. Fernandez et.al (2002) evaluates the efficiency of the isolation practices towards the minimization of the spread of MRSA. ... This means that the research aimed at achieving all the set objectives. c. Planned behavior theory The four articles used the planned behavior theory in underpinning the study to determine the characteristics and behaviors of the patients before and after the study. The framework chosen is quite clear and well stated and fit well with the research objectives and problem. The theoretical framework for the study is well explained and referenced. For example, the author on the article about â€Å"Strict vs. modified isolation of prevention of transmission of MRSA† has used Infect Control 1986; 7(6):317-320 to reference the foundation of the study where all hospitalized patients suffering from MRSA were put in modified isolation precautions. The theoretical frameworks for the other studies apart from the study on â€Å"Isolation of patients in single rooms in order to reduce MRSA spread in ICUs† have been well referenced. d. Methods Independent and dependent variables The v ariables chosen in each study are highly linked to the research objectives as they were adopted to help the researchers in achieving the stated research objectives. All the four studies have chosen different study institutions for a given study period of 4- 12 months. Wilson et.al (2005) undertook a one year study in ICU’s and the variables were MRSA colonization as the independent variable and weekly screen as the dependent variable. Willey et.al (2008) used MRSA infection and infection control logs as the study variables. Gholson, Landry and Ribner (1986) used daily reviews of all organism and infection control program as it variables while Wilson et.al (2005) used infection control program and various isolation

Summary of article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summary of article - Essay Example The article focuses on a comprehensive discussion of the market at the bottom of the pyramid. Unique characteristics of this market form a significant part of the explanation. According to Prahalad and Hart, bottom of the pyramid market segment has an estimated 4 billion people who live in abject poverty. Notably, the population in this market segment represents a potential market for goods and services. Active involvement of private firms at the BOP is a significant factor in generating inclusive capitalism (6). Private firms’ engagement in the BOP segment of the market enhances completion of the market will redirect attention to the poor as consumers. Prahalad and Hart assert that each group that gives close attention on poverty eradication such as the World Bank, developed countries offering aid, charitable organizations, federal governments, and private firms – has its an overriding justification. Prahalad and Hart explain that MNCs suffer the effect of strongly est ablished reason in relation to cost structure, consumers and BOP sector (12). As a result, donors view the private sector as malicious and exploitative of low-income society members. None of the well-known organizations perceive that market inclined solutions can result into poverty alleviation and economic growth. Prahalad and Hart turn to a discussion of products and services for the BOP. They assert that it requires an innovation perspective of product development and creativity in accordance with the realities of the BOP market. Based on this assertion, the writer identifies a number of principles that should guide innovations for the BOP market segment (9). The aspect is price performance. It is essential for quantum jumps in the price performance. The second factor focuses on hybrid solutions: advanced and evolving technologies that innovatively merge with available and increasingly developing infrastructure. Another important aspect is focusing on conservation of resources

Raw Materials as Biofuel Pellets Essay Example for Free

Raw Materials as Biofuel Pellets Essay In the Philippines, forests and woodlands cover about 7,168,400 hectares (http://forestry.denr.gov.ph). These forests have unique environmental and biodiversity values, and make available a wide range of products for subsistence use. The most predominant use of wood is in the form of firewood and charcoal by the majority of Filipinos in both rural and urban areas. Firewood is preferred in rural areas simply because it is obtainable free of charge. Charcoal is preferred in urban areas on account of its being cheap, easy to transport, distribute and store. It is almost smokeless and has higher calorific value A(30 MJ/kg) than firewood (15MJ/kg). But according to the U.N. FAO (2003), the woodlands have experienced highest rates of degradation and deforestation compared to other cover classes. This could be attributed to selective cutting for timber and clear felling of trees for both charcoal production and cultivation. Charcoal production is responsible for degradation and deforestation.Between 1990 and 2010, the Philippines lost an average of 54,750 ha or 0.83% of forested area per year. Charcoal production and cultivation have an impact on large-scale deforestation that has occurred in the area between 1991 and 1998. Philippine Government is also in trouble as environmental sanitation is concerned. Waste materials in markets or even in public places continually piled up every other day when it is not fetched by a garbage truck. These waste materials are primarily composed of coconut shells in markets, wastepaper in schools and offices, rice hulls in agricultural remains and sawdust, a waste product produce in the lumber shops. This study was conducted to reduce the percentage breakdown of deforestation which would soon contribute to the prevalent global warming. Since waste materials such as coconut shells, rice hulls, sawdust and wastepaper are totally organic and may seem useful at times, we came up on using it as a primary component in making Biofuel at varying formulations. This way, the researchers can help in preserving the environmental balance of the ecosystem and at the same time, to come up with a cheap, easy-drying and a highly combustible fuel for household fuel – The Biofuel Pellets. Statement of the Problem This study aimed to determine whether different formulations of coconut shells, rice hulls, sawdust and wastepapercan be a viable source of Biofuel in the form of Pellets. Specific Objectives: This study specifically aimed to answer the following inquiries: 1. To determine the heating values of each raw materials to be used in making the biofuel pellets. 2. To determine the heating values of the biofuel pellets at varying coconut shells: rice hull: sawdust: wastepaper ratios and the wood charcoal as the positive control. 3. To determine if there is a significant difference on the heating value of Formulation 1, Formulation 2, Formulation 3, Formulation 4 and the positive control. 4. To determine the relationship between the size and the heating value of varying formulations and the positive control. 5. To determine the boiling time of biofuel pellets when biofuel pellets at varying formulations and wood charcoal are used as fuels. 6. To determine if there is a significant difference on the boiling time of Formulation 1, Formulation 2, Formulation 3, Formulation 4 and the positive control. 7. To determine the relationship between the size and the boiling time of varying formulations and the positive control. 8. To determine the density of biofuel pellets at varying formulations and the wood charcoal. 9. To determine if there is a significant differenceon the density of Formulation 1, Formulation 2, Formulation 3, Formulation 4 and the positive control. 10. To determine the relationship between the size and the density of varying formulations and the positive control. Hypothesis of the Study This study aimed to determine whether the mixture of waste paper products and materials, and coconut shell can be a viable source of bioethanol. Specifically, this study aimed to determine if there is an existing significant difference, in terms of the percentage of bioethanol produced, between the pure waste paper mixture, pure pulverized coconut shell, and 1:1 ratio mixture of waste paper and pulverized coconut. This study hypothesized that there will be no existing significant difference, in terms of the percentage of bioethanol produced, between the pure waste paper mixture, pure pulverized coconut shell, and 1:1 ratio mixture of waste paper and pulverized coconut. Schematic Diagram Independent Variables Dependent Variables Formulation 1 150g coconut shells, 150g rice hull; 150g, saw dust , 50g paper Formulation 2 225g coconut shells, 112.5g rice hull, 112.5g sawdust, 50g waste paper Boiling Time (minutes) Formulation 3 112.5g coconut shells, 225g rice hull, 112.5g saw dust, 50g waste paper Burning Time (minutes) Formulation 4 112.5g coconut shells, 112.5g rice hull, 225g saw dust, 50g waste paper Density (g/ mL) Positive Group: Wood Charcoal Figure 1.A diagram showing the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variables Significance of the Study The findings of this study would greatly benefit the various sectors, primarily the following: Community Residences. Since it takes a lot of time to dry those wood charcoal that is traditionally used by countless homes in the community, this study could be a good source of an alternative fuel in household cooking chores. First, it is well-accessible to use anytime, with less worries of its dryness when used and lastly, it could be conveniently used in any cooking activities because of its high combustibility, since Biofuel pellets are primarily composed of combustible materials. Energy Sector. The promising friendly fuel from biofuel production could help the energy deficit of the energy sector; thus sustaining not only the demand of the consumers but also the need of the environment to have a green and amicable energy source. Environmental Sector. This study could help reduce the amount of pollution to the environment by simply using organic waste products and converting it into an environment friendly source of fuel. Other Researchers. This study could benefit other researchers by using this study as a reference for future researches. Scope and Limitation of the Study This study was conducted on July 12, 2012 until August 4, 2012 at the Negros Occidental High School Physics and Chemistry Laboratory. The waste materials that were used in this study were coconut shells, rice hulls, sawdust and wastepaper. The coconut shells were obtained from different stalls at Libertad Market, rice hulls were from Agricultural waste during post-harvest, and sawdust was from lumber shops while the Wastepaper was a total combination of that in Offices and Schools. The study limited itself in the determination of the heating values and the most effective formulation of waste materials that could be a viable alternative for wood charcoals. In addition, this study did not include the cost analysis based from the probable costs that may arise during the experimentation process. However, utmost economic optimization was employed during the materials selection and Biofuel pellets production. Definition of Terms Boiling time. Allotted time in which phase transition of the substance turns from the liquid state to the gas state, usually occurring when a liquid is heated to its boiling point (http://chemistry.about.com). In this study, boiling point was used as one of the parameters of this study. Burning Time.the time during which the propellant charge of a fuel is fully consumed (merriam-webster.com). In this study, the burning time was used as one of the parameters during the experimentation of the study. Coconut. A member of the family Arecaceae (palm family). It is the only accepted species in the genus Cocos. The term coconut can refer to the entire coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which is not a botanical nut (apps.kew.org). In this study, the coconut was one of the raw materials in the process of fuel pellet production. Density.The quantity of something per unit measure, especially per unit length, area, or volume or the mass per unit volume of a substance under specified conditions of pressure and temperature (thefreedictionary.com) In this study, density was used as one of the parameters during the experiment. Fuel Pellets. A piece of fuel usually in the shape of a sphere or cylinder, used in pebble-bed reactors, inserted in graphite blocks, or used in metallic tubular fuel elements (www.thefreedictionary.com). In this study, fuel pellets was the product of the study conducted. Heating Value. Amount of heat produced from the complete combustion of a specific amount of fuel (www.businessdictionary.com). In this study, heating value was used as one of the parameters in this study. Rice hull.The dry outer covering of a rice grain; a husk (www.thefreedictionary.com). In this study, the rice hull was pulverized and used as one of the materials in the process of fuel pellet production. Sawdust. The small particles of wood or other material that fall from an object being sawed (http://education.yahoo.com). In this study, sawdust was used as one of the raw materials for the fuel pellet production. Waste papers.Paper that is not needed and has been thrown away (Encarta Dictionaries, 2008). In this study, the waste paper was used as a raw material for fuel pellet production.

My term paper :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What Came first the chicken or the egg? For centuries man has struggled with the question of our origin. Why are there so many distinctions in the creatures that inhabit this planet. Why are structures similar in a bird, a whale, a bat, and a human being creatures that seem to have no relation to one another. Although several theories have sprouted from different great thinkers of many cultures in many diverse parts of the world all of the theories seem to center around two main points divinity vs chance or for a more famous colloquialism Evolution Vs Creation. Once complete this paper should allow the reader to see not only the folly and boldness of evolution in the face of so many discrepancies, but also the sheer irrefutable beauty of creation in all of its complex simplicity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning God Created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was formless and empty, Darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters. And God said â€Å"Let there be light† and there was light Genesis 1:1-3 NIV  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The bible, one of the oldest pieces of written history that follows an entire civilization for over 4000 years not only gives fascinating tales of mystery, intrigue, wars, famines, loves and loses also gives a very specific account of the origin of man and indeed all life on this planet as well as in the universe. The simplicity of the verses tells us that the big bang was possible, with divine help, it gives no more than God said it and it was so which would agree with the abrupt abitrary eruption of the solar system that scientist describe. This insight allows us to delve even deeper into the awesome power of Gods word. Here in the beginning we see how just the word can form solar system, delving even deeper we catch a glimpse of what that means for us as human beings and our origin.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Classical evolutionary theory teaches that creatures change from one thing into another. For instance, amoebas changes from one celled creatures to multi celled creatures over time. Genesis in the first chapter tells us that things must reproduce â€Å"each according to its kind†. Recorded history and fossil records should support one of the theories. Evolutionist claim that it supports theirs however noted paleotologist have even noticed the apparent gaps in the record showing that there is a missing link.

The Social Model of Mental Illness Essay -- Psychiatry Psychology Pape

The Social Model of Mental Illness The social model of mental illness emphasizes the social environment and the roles people play. Thomas Scheff maintains that people diagnosed as mentally ill are victims of the status quo, guilty of often unnamed violations of social norms; thus the label "mental illness" can be used as an instrument of social control. I agree with Scheff's analysis, and I strongly concur with the view Thomas Szasz takes on the notion of mental illness. Szasz argues that much of what we call "mental illness" is a myth; it is not an illness, but simply "problems in living", troubles caused by conflicting personal needs, opinions, social aspirations, values, and so forth (Szasz 13). It thus follows that the widely accepted medical model of mental illness is inherently flawed; that mental illness should, then, certainly not be treated much like physical illness. Szasz is extremely critical of contemporary psychiatry as a discipline, arguing that psychiatrists are not benign professionals helping t o liberate individuals and improve their lives by diagnosing and treating mental illnesses, but instead act as agents of social control; silencing, stigmatizing and dehumanizing people who disturb the prevailing social order. Every society rewards conformity; those with more serious problems in living often do a very poor job of conforming, and are punished accordingly. In Ideology and Insanity: Essays on the Psychiatric Dehumanization of Man, Thomas Szasz writes that "on the one hand, by seeking relief from the burden of his moral responsibilities, man mystifies and technicizes his problems in living...on the other hand, the demand for "help" thus generated is now met by a behavioral tec... ...s in trying to understand and properly treat what is known as mental illness, we should give some credibility and responsibility back to those who are labeled "mentally ill," looking to them for ideas, for suggestions, for guidance. Those who have more severe problems in living (as well as their families and/or friends) may know more about their predicament than those who do not, and may be able to propose, indirectly or directly, remedies that may alleviate their unfortunate plight. Bibliography: Awake! Magazine. "Hope for the Mentally Ill." September 8, 1986 ed, pgs.3-10. Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc, 1986. Kaysen, Susanna. Girl, Interrupted. Turtle Bay Books. New York, NY, 1993. Szasz, Thomas. Ideology and Insanity: Essays on the Psychiatric Dehumanization of Man. Syracuse University Press. Syracuse, NY, 1991